Pier Paolo Poggio traces the clear betrayal made by Lenin and the Bolsheviks especially against the majority of the Russian people, the farmers. Stalin will only continue the work of Lenin. Caprio’s contribution presents the great figures of Russian thought, who, from Berdjaev to Bulgakov, immediately perceived the betrayal and the reasons for the catastrophe, then taking the path of exile. Codevilla describes the relationship between the revolution and the Orthodox world, the heart of the Russian people, without forgetting the responsibilities of a Church that was too detached from the people and the intellighenzija.